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Network Working Group K. Chowdhury
Request for Comments: 4280 Starent Networks
Category: Standards Track P. Yegani
Cisco Systems
L. Madour
Ericsson
November 2005
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Options for
Broadcast and Multicast Control Servers
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
Abstract
This document defines new options to discover the Broadcast and
Multicast Service (BCMCS) controller in an IP network. BCMCS is
being developed for Third generation (3G) cellular telephone
networks. Users of the service interact with a controller in the
network via the Mobile Node (MN) to derive information required to
receive Broadcast and Multicast Service. Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol can be used to configure the MN to access a particular
controller. This document defines the related options and option
codes.
Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 Table of Contents 1. Motivation ......................................................2 2. Overview of the 3GPP2 BCMCS Network .............................3 3. Terminology .....................................................4 4. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Options ..............4 4.1. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Domain Name List for DHCPv4 .......................................4 4.2. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Domain Name List Option for DHCPv6 ................................5 4.3. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller IPv4 Address Option for DHCPv4 ..................................6 4.4. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller IPv6 Address Option for DHCPv6 ..................................6 4.5. Consideration for Client Operation .........................7 4.6. Consideration for Server Operation .........................7 5. Security Considerations .........................................8 6. IANA Considerations .............................................8 7. Acknowledgements ................................................8 8. Normative References ............................................9 1. Motivation Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol [RFC2131] and [RFC3315] can be used to configure various non-IP address type of parameters. These parameters are required for normal operation of various services that are offered over an IP network. Broadcast and Multicast Service (BCMCS) is one such service that is being standardized in various mobile wireless standard bodies such as Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), and 3GPP. A description of the BCMCS as defined in 3GPP2 can be found in [BCMCS]. While DHCP already defines many options for device configuration, no option exists for configuring a mobile device to use BCMCS. This memo defines extensions for both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 so that DHCP can be used to provide necessary configuration information to a mobile device about the BCMCS controllers. DHCP is being used in 3GPP2, to assist Mobile Nodes (MNs) with the discovery of the BCMCS Controller in a mobile operator's IP network. The BCMCS includes a controller component that is responsible for managing the service via interaction with the MN and other network entities. In this document, we will call this a BCMCS controller. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 An overview of the 3GPP2 BCMCS architecture is given in the next section. It provides enough information to understand the basics of the 3GPP2 BCMCS operation. Readers are encouraged to find a more detailed description in [BCMCS]. As described in [BCMCS], the MNs are required to know the IPv4 or the IPv6 address of the BCMCS controller entity so that they can download all the necessary information about a desired broadcast and/or a multicast program. In a roaming environment, static configuration of the BCMCS controller's IP address becomes unrealistic. Therefore, DHCP is considered to be a method to dynamically configure the MNs with the IP address or the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the BCMCS controller in the 3G cellular telephone networks. In order to allow the MNs to discover the BCMCS controllers, the MNs request the appropriate option codes from the DHCP server. The DHCP servers need to return the corresponding configuration options that carry either BCMCS controller's IP address or FQDN based on configuration. This document defines the necessary options and option codes. 2. Overview of the 3GPP2 BCMCS Network The Broadcast and Multicast Service architecture in a 3G cellular telephone network such as 3GPP2 has the following model: +------------+ +--------+ | BCMCS | | | | Controller | | DHCP | | | | Server | +------------+ +--------+ ^ Control| Info| | | V +----+ +------------+ +------------+ | | | | | | | MN/| bearer | Radio | | BCMCS | |User|<-------| Access |<---| Content | | | | Network | | Server | +----+ +------------+ +------------+ Note that this figure is shown here for a basic understanding of how Broadcast and Multicast Service works in a 3G cellular telephone network. The network elements except MN/user and the DHCP server are not relevant to the text in this document. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 The MN interacts with the BCMCS Controller to request broadcast/ multicast program information from the network (e.g., scheduled time, multicast IP address, port numbers). The MN may also be authenticated by the BCMCS Controller while downloading the relevant program-security-related information (such as encryption key). These interactions may happen via HTTP and XML as defined in [BCMCS]. There may be more than one BCMCS controller in the network. The MN should discover the appropriate BCMCS controller to request the relevant program information. For details of Broadcast and Multicast Service operation in 3GPP2, see [BCMCS]. 3. Terminology The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 4. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Options This section defines the configuration option for the BCMCS controller of the Broadcast and Multicast Service. 4.1. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Domain Name List for DHCPv4 The general format of the BCMCS Controller Domain list option for DHCPv4 is as follows: Code Len FQDN(s) of BCMCS Controller +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-- | 88 | n | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | s5 | ... +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-- The option MAY contain multiple domain names, but these domain names SHOULD be used to construct Service Record (SRV) lookups as specified in [BCMCS], rather than querying for different A records. The client can try any or ALL of the domain names to construct the SRV lookups. The list of domain names MAY contain the domain name of the access provider and its partner networks that also offer Broadcast and Multicast Service. As an example, the access provider may have one or more partners or resellers often termed as MVNOs (Mobile Virtual Network Operators) for Broadcast and Multicast Service. In this case, the access provider should be able to use the same DHCP option to send multiple of those domain names (MVNOs). To illustrate this further, let's assume that the access provider (operator) has a reseller agreement with two MVNOs: mvno1 and mvno2. Therefore, the Broadcast and Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 Multicast Service Controller Domain Name list for the DHCPv4 option will contain three domain names: operator.com, mvno1.com, and mvno2.com. Upon receiving this option, the BCMCS client may choose to use one of the domain names to fetch the appropriate BCMCS controller address (based on user's preference or configuration). If no preferred domain name is found in the received list, the client should use a default setting, e.g., use the first one in the list. If the length of the domain list exceeds the maximum permissible length within a single option (254 octets), then the domain list MUST be represented in the DHCPv4 message as specified in [RFC3396]. An example case when two controller domain names, example.com and example.net, are returned will be: +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | 88 | 26 | 7 | 'e'| 'x'| 'a'| 'm'| 'p'| 'l'| 'e'| 3 | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |'c' |'o' | 'm'| 0 | 7 | 'e'| 'x'| 'a'| 'm'| 'p'| 'l'| +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ +----+----+----+----+----+----+ |'e' | 3 | 'n'| 'e'| 't'| 0 | +----+----+----+----+----+----+ 4.2. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller Domain Name List Option for DHCPv6 The semantics and content of the DHCPv6 encoding of this option are exactly the same as the encoding described in the previous section, other than necessary differences between the way options are encoded in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6. Specifically, the DHCPv6 option for the BCMCS Control Server Domain Names has the following format: 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_D | option-length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BCMCS Control Server Domain Name List | | ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ option-code: OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_D (33). option-length: Length of the 'BCMCS Control Server Domain Name List' field in octets; variable. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 BCMCS Control Server Domain Name List: Identical format as in Section 4.1 (except the Code and Len fields). 4.3. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller IPv4 Address Option for DHCPv4 The Length byte (Len) is followed by a list of IPv4 addresses indicating BCMCS controller IPv4 addresses. The BCMCS controllers MUST be listed in order of preference. Its minimum length is 4, and the length MUST be a multiple of 4. The DHCPv4 option for this encoding has the following format: Code Len Address 1 Address 2 +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-- | 89 | n | a1 | a2 | a3 | a4 | a1 | ... +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-- 4.4. Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller IPv6 Address Option for DHCPv6 This DHCPv6 option MUST carry one or more 128-bit IPv6 address(es) of the BCMCS Controller in an operator's network. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_A | option-length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | BCMCS Control server-1 address (IPv6 address) | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | BCMCS Control server-2 address (IPv6 address) | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ option-code: OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_A (34). option-length: Length of the 'BCMCS Control Server IPv6 address' field in octets; variable. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 4.5. Consideration for Client Operation For DHCPv4, the client MAY request either or both of the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List and the IPv4 Address options in the Parameter Request List option (code 55) as defined in [RFC2132]. For DHCPv6, the client MAY request either or both of the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List and the IPv6 Address options in the Options Request Option (ORO) as described in [RFC3315]. If the client receives both the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List and IPv6 or IPv4 Address options, it SHOULD use the Domain Name List option. In this case, the client SHOULD NOT use the BCMCS Controller IPv6 or IPv4 Address option unless the server(s) in the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List cannot be resolved or reached. 4.6. Consideration for Server Operation A server MAY send a client either the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List Option or the BCMCS Controller IPv6 Address/IPv4 Address options if the server is configured to do so. If a client requests both the options and the server is configured with both types of information, the server MAY send the client only one of the options if it is configured to do so. In this case, the server SHOULD send the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List option. A server configured with the BCMCS Controller IPv6 or IPv4 Address information MUST send a client the BCMCS Controller IPv6 or IPv4 Address option if that client requested only the BCMCS Controller IPv6 or IPv4 Address option and not the BCMCS Controller Domain Name List option in the ORO or Parameter Request List option. If a client requests for the BCMCS Controller IPv6 or IPv4 Address option and the server is configured only with the domain name(s), the server MUST return the Domain Name List and vice versa. The domain names MUST be concatenated and encoded using the technique described in Section 3.3 of "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification" [RFC1035]. DNS name compression MUST NOT be used. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 The following table summarizes the server's response: Client sends in ORO/ Parameter Request List Domain Name List IPv6/IPv4 Address __________________________________________________________________ Neither option SHOULD MAY Domain Name List MUST MAY IPv6/IPv4 Address MAY MUST Both options SHOULD MAY 5. Security Considerations This document does not introduce any new security concerns beyond those specified in the basic DHCP [RFC2131] and DHCPv6 [RFC3315] specifications. In the absence of message integrity protection for these options, an attacker could modify the option values to divert requests for broadcast service. 6. IANA Considerations The following option codes for Broadcast and Multicast Service Controller option have been assigned by IANA: 1. The BCMCS Controller Domain Name list (Section 4.1) has been assigned a value of 88 from the DHCPv4 option space. 2. The BCMCS Controller Domain Name list (Section 4.2) has been assigned a value of 33 from the DHCPv6 option space, and a name of OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_D. 3. The BCMCS Controller IPv4 Address option (Section 4.3) has been assigned a value of 89 from the DHCPv4 option space. 4. The BCMCS Controller IPv6 Address option (Section 4.4) has been assigned a value of 34 from the DHCPv6 option space, and a name of OPTION_BCMCS_SERVER_A. 7. Acknowledgements Thanks to the following individuals for their review and constructive comments during the development of this document: AC Mahendran, Jun Wang, Raymond Hsu, Jayshree Bharatia, Ralph Droms, Ted Lemon, Margaret Wasserman, Thomas Narten, Elwyn Davies, Pekka Savola, Bert Wijnen, David Kessens, Brian E. Carpenter, and Stig Venaas. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 8. Normative References [BCMCS] 3GPP2, www.3gpp2.org, http://www.3gpp2.org/Public_html/specs/tsgx.cfm, "X.S0022, Broadcast and Multicast Service in cdma2000 Wireless IP Network.", December 2005. [RFC1035] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [RFC2131] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March 1997. [RFC2132] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997. [RFC3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003. [RFC3396] Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Encoding Long Options in the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)", RFC 3396, November 2002. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 Authors' Addresses Kuntal Chowdhury Starent Networks 30 International Place Tewksbury, MA 01876 US Phone: +1 214-550-1416 EMail: kchowdhury@starentnetworks.com Parviz Yegani Cisco Systems 3625 Cisco Way San Jose, CA 95134 US Phone: +1 408-832-5729 EMail: pyegani@cisco.com Lila Madour Ericsson 8400, Decarie Blvd Town of Mount Royal, Quebec H4P 2N2 CANADA Phone: +1 514-345-7900 EMail: Lila.Madour@ericsson.com Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 4280 DHCP Options for BMCS November 2005 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Chowdhury, et al. Standards Track [Page 11]